This research paper by Mark Diesendorf, Geoff Davies, Thomas Wiedmann, Joachim H. Spangenberg, and Steven Hail presents a systematic critique of neoclassical economics (NCE) from sustainability scientists’ perspectives. The authors examine ten foundational hypotheses of NCE and four additional claims, finding that each fails to meet basic scientific requirements including empirical confirmation, credible assumptions, consistency with Earth system science, and internal consistency.